An Tir Internal Letter for August, AS XXXX / 2005 CE

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3 June 2005

Unto Christopher Black Lion and the esteemed members of the An Tir College of Heralds to whom this missive comes, Richenda du Jardin, Lions Blood Herald, sends greetings and felicitations.

COMMENTARY ON THE ITEMS IN THIS INTERNAL LETTER IS DUE ON THE 10TH OF OCTOBER.

The August Lions Blood meeting will be held at 1:00 at my house. Directions:

From the West: Take your best route to I-90. Get off on exit 280 (Lincoln Ave/Maple Ave.). Go through two lights and turn right at the next intersection (Jefferson). Go one block and turn left (Fifth). Turn right at the fourth stop sign (Howard). Follow Howard for two blocks — find whatever parking you can in the second block as parking is rather tight. Walk up to 7th and I am in the brick building on the left (524 W 7th.). Buzz apartment #510 and someone will be down to get you.

From the East: Take your best route to I-90. Get off on exit 280 (Lincoln Ave/Maple Ave.). Turn left at the second light (Second). Turn left at the second light (Fourth). Turn right at the next intersection (Jefferson). Go one block and turn left (Fifth). Turn right at the fourth stop sign (Howard). Follow Howard for two blocks — find whatever parking you can in the second block as parking is rather tight. Walk up to 7th and I am in the brick building on the left (524 W 7th.). Buzz apartment #510 and someone will be down to get you.Limited crash space will be available.

LETTERS FROM KINGDOM HERALDIC STAFF

From Black Lion

Greetings to the College from Christopher Black Lion!

The finished Branch Herald's Job Description" is finally available. It can be found at http://antirheralds.org/college/branch_heralds_job_description.pdf. I hope you find this document useful.

We have two open positions in the College right now:

• Boar is Lions Blood's deputy for writing the internal letters. If you have questions about it please contact Lions Blood, our acting Boar (Baron David) or myself. Applications for the position should be sent to Lions Blood as well as directly to me.
• Quentin Dexter Gauntlet has informed me that he will be stepping down at September Crown. He (and his crew, lets not forget his crew!) have done a marvelous job of making the database for the Order of Precedence a very useful tool indeed. If you are interested in picking up the Gauntlet please contact him for details on what the position entails. Please send applications for the position to both of us. I hope to name the new Dexter Gauntlet before September Crown.

I have posted a copy of my September Crier article to the antir-heralds mailing list. If you will be doing any tourney heralding or writing letters please read it. It addresses the use of titles on and off the field.

I will not be able to attend September Crown. Frederic Couronne Rouge will be acting in my stead. I will be at Tir Righ's September Coronet to attend the Principality College's meeting.

Lastly, please keep this in mind at all times: We're here because it's fun!

In Service to Kingdom and College,
Lord Christopher Black Lion,
Black Lion Principal Herald, An Tir
Argent, a flat cap purpure plumed and on a chief azure three commedia del'Arte masks argent.

From Lions Blood

Last month I asked heralds across the kingdom to consider commenting on the Internal Letter. Since then, I've gotten a lot of questions. So I thought it would be good to answer them here.

Do I have to comment on every item in the letter?

No, you don't have to comment on everything. Some heralds are more comfortable with armory and others are more comfortable with names. Some prefer to work within a specific culture. All have something to offer.

What do I say in a letter?

You can say lots of things in letters of comment. Over the next couple of months (starting with this one), I plan to run articles talking about how to comment. Do what you are comfortable with.

I don't have much money for books — can I still be helpful?

There are lots of online sources available now. The biggest one is probably the Medieval Names Archive provided by the Academy of St. Gabriel at http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/. A source for armory as well as names information is the library on the Laurel web site at http://www.sca.org/heraldry/library.html.

How much time does commenting take each month?

Commenting takes as much time as you let it. The more items you want to comment on, the longer it takes.

When is commentary due?

Commentary is due on the 10th day of the month of the decision. The date is posted in each letter.

I hope this helps.

Richenda du Jardin
Lions Blood Herald

HERALDIC ARTICLES

Armory Commentary for Beginners

Mistress Jaelle of Armida created a wonderful “insta-boing” list for reviewing armory. The full article can be found at http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/boing.html. This article is a boon for beginning heralds. Below you will find my version of the insta-boing list:

1. Is the name registered? If not, is there a name in submission?

Submitters must have a registered name to be able to register their devices and badges. If the name isn't registered, but is still in submission, then we can send the device or badge up. If the name hasn't been submitted or has been returned, then the submitter will need to submit a new name.

The reason for this is simple: filing. All devices and badges are associated with a registered name so Laurel staff knows where to file it.

2. Do the charges have good contrast with the field? Are there dark colors on dark colors or light colors on light colors?

Just as a refresher, the light colors (also called metals) are white/silver and yellow/Or; the dark colors (usually just called colors) are blue/azure, red/gules, black/sable, green/vert, and purple/purpure. The furs — ermine (white with black tails), counter-ermine (black with white tails), erminois (yellow with black tails), pean (black with yellow tails) — are counted light/dark by their background color. Vair (alternating blue and white tracks) is considered neutral; either light or dark can be placed upon it.

All charges must have good contrast with whatever they are on. If there is not good contrast, this is a reason to return it.

3. Is the submission slot machine? Are there more than two types of charges in one charge group?

This is a little difficult to explain quickly and easily. This is not simply are there more than kinds of charges on the field.

There are three types of charge groups you are likely to find using slot machine:

• Primary charge group: Primary charges are the charges in the center of the field or a group of charges centered around the center of the field. So in Azure, a chevron Or, the pale is the primary charge. In Azure, three mullets Or, the mullets are the primary charge. Therefore Azure, a leopard rampant, a bear statant, and an eagle displayed is slot machine.
• Central secondary charge group: Secondary charges are charges around charges. However, they are not the charges around the edge of the armory — those are peripheral secondary charges (like bordures, orles, chiefs, and bases). So in Azure, a chevron between three mullets Or, the mullets are a secondary charge group. Azure, a chevron between two mullets and a sun Or is not slot machine because the chevron is not in the same group as the mullets and the sun. Azure, a chevron between a mullet, a sun, and a crescent Or is slot machine because the mullet, the sun and the chevron are in the same charge group.
• Tertiary charge group: Tertiary charges are charges on charges. Most likely you would see slot machine on tertiary charges that are on ordinaries.

4. Does this look like marshalling?

Marshalling is when two (or more) people combine their arms to show a relationship, so they combine their arms together. In the SCA, we consider arms to look marshaled if opposite corners of a quarterly field or the two sides of a per pale field look like they each are independent arms. If the line of division is not a plain line, then this appearance is thought to be removed.

5. Is the submission too “complex?”

The rule of thumb, as stated in the rules, is that the number of tinctures plus the number of charges should not exceed eight.

6. Are there any restricted charges on the armory? If so, does the submitter have the right to use any restricted charges?

The SCA restricts the use of certain charges (such as crowns/coronets and laurel wreathes) for specific uses. For armory to use those items, the submitter must demonstrate that they have the right — if they have done so, this will be stated in the internal letter. However, things can be missed, so having another set of eyes to double check is nice.

7. Is the submission big, bold, and butch?

Charges should be drawn to fill the space effectively. If the primary charge is a lion, you should expect it to fill at 2/3 of the space. Central ordinaries should take up between 1/4 and 1/3 of the space. All charges on the device or badge should be clearly identifiable. All lines of division should be distinctly not flat (particularly wavy and indented) and clearly distinguished from one another (particularly embattled, urdy, raguly, and nebuly).

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LAUREL ACTIONS

The following items were accepted by Laurel:

• Agnes Berengarii de Gerona. Name change from Deirdre Roswythe Dunwyn and device change. Vert, five cauldrons in saltire Or.
  
  Her old name, Deirdre Roswythe Dunwyn, is retained as an alternate name.
  
  This device does not conflict with Aileen Bardon, Quarterly Or and gules, four cauldrons counterchanged. There is no difference for the changing the number of primary charges from four to five, but there is one CD for changing the field and another for changing the tincture of half the primary charge group. This second CD applies even if we change in number of cauldrons on Aileen's device from four to five before changing their tincture. In that case, the fifth cauldron would lie in the center of the field and be tinctured quarterly gules and Or. Thus the tincture of two and a half of five cauldrons would be changed when comparing Aileen's device to Agnes's.
  
  Her former device, Per pall inverted arrondy Or, sable and gules, in chief two shamrocks in fess, slipped, counterchanged and in base a crescent Or, is released.
• Alessandra da Montefeltro. Name (see RETURNS for device).
• Alyne of Kendal. Name (see RETURNS for device).
• Annaka Poznanska. Name and badge (see RETURNS for device). (Fieldless) A sprig of oak fructed proper leaved gules.
  
  Submitted as Annaka Regina Poznanska, the submitter requested an authentic Polish name and accepted all changes. As submitted, the name is a claim to be queen of Poznanska. Nebuly notes, “The submitted name means “Anna, queen of Poznan”, a violation of RfS VI.1. It does not matter whether the locative is constructed using the preposition z or the adjectival ending -ska; there will still be an issue of presumption when the element Regina (Latin for “queen”) is placed in front of the locative.” We have dropped the middle element and registered the name as Annaka Poznanska.
• Anne Claxton Name.
• Arthus de Winterton. Name.
• Beatrix Powson of Ravenstonedale. Name and device. Quarterly Or and sable, a raven counterchanged and in sinister chief an increscent argent.
• Berik of Sugdak. Name change from holding name Berik of Wealdsmere.
• Cateryn M'Manis. Name.
• Charles le Verdier. Device. Per fess argent and azure, a fess counterchanged and in chief three alder leaves bendwise vert.
• Crínóc Donn. Name and device. Argent, an owl affronty and an orle gules.
  
  Submitted as Crínóc Dhonn, the submitter requested a name authentic for 10^th-16^th C Irish. As submitted the name mixes Crínóc, a Middle Irish given name, with Dhonn, an Early Modern Irish form of the byname. Since lenition isn't shown in writing in feminine descriptive bynames in Middle Irish, we have changed the name to Crínóc Donn. This is a fully Middle Irish form appropriate for the 10^th-12^th C, which fulfills her request for authenticity.
• Crínóc Donn. Badge. (Fieldless) In fess three owls affronty gules perched atop and sustaining a needle fesswise argent.
• Dalibor K{rv}ivoklátsky Name and device. Vert, a boar rampant argent and on a chief embattled per pale sable and argent two suns counterchanged.
  
  Submitted as Dalibor K{rv}ivokl{a-}tsky, the Letter of Intent indicated that the submitter would not accept any changes. An examination of the forms showed that he accepted minor changes. The submitted documentation showed that the correct form of the locative on which the byname is based is K{rv}ivoklát; this makes sense because the {a-} macron in the submitted byname is neither a period nor a modern diacritical mark in Czech. We have changed the name to Dalibor K{rv}ivoklátsky in order to register it.
  
  The submitter requested authenticity for 14^th C Bohemian. While the given name is a good choice for that place and time, the locative byname is unlikely to be appropriate for 14^th C Bohemia. Nebuly explains:

  The modern Czech name K{rv}ivoklát means literally “cage (for the) crooked”, i.e. “prison”. Given the submitter's excellent research into the history of the castle, I'd wager this name was not used until the 16^th century (at the earliest), when the castle was first used as a prison. The name may not date to period at all. In any case, the modern spelling would not be appropriate for a 14^th century form as desired by the submitter. My best guess is that the first element would have been spelled as Krzywo-...

  Because the submitter will not allow major changes and because Krzywosky is significantly different in appearance from K{rv}ivoklátsky, we are unable to attempt to fulfill the submitter's request for authenticity.
• Denis de Loyer. Badge. (Fieldless) A boar rampant to sinister Or.
  
  Nice armory!
• Donwenna la Mareschale. Name change from Donwenna Beast Healer of Hawksheye. [BLAZON]
  
  The name Donwenna is her currently registered name. Once registered, a name can be used by the owner in new names so long as 1) the new name is registerable via the current rules, or 2) the new name does not introduce a violation of the rules not already present in the old name. In this case, the name mixes French and Welsh in the same name. In registering the name Chiere wreic Maredudd, which also mixes French and Welsh, Pelican included a discussion of names mixing French and Welsh. Because the combination of French and Welsh is registerable, this name is, therefore, registerable.
  
  Her old name, Donwenna Beast Healer of Hawksheye, is retained as an alternate name.
• Earnrokke, Shire of. Branch name and device. Purpure, an eagle and on a mountain argent a laurel wreath vert.
• Edward the Smith. Name and device. Per chevron azure and gules, three anvils argent.
  
  Nice name!
• Elise l'Éstrange. Name and device. Azure, a mermaid proper crined Or maintaining in her dexter hand a shamshir proper and in her sinister hand a gemstone gules, on a chief argent three crescents gules.
  
  This device does not conflict with Camilla de la Reynarde la Droitière, Azure, a blonde mermaid proper, tailed argent, maintaining in each hand a garden rose gules, on a chief argent, three foxes passant gules. There is a CD for changing the tincture of half the mermaid and another for substantially changing the type of the tertiaries under RfS X.4.j.ii. Our practice has been to ignore maintained charges when defining a device as simple armory for the purposes of this rule and RfS X.2.
• Elsbeth de Shropshire. Name and device. Per chevron purpure and azure, a chevron and in base a lozenge ployé argent.
  
  This name mixes a German given name and an English locative byname; this is one step from period practice. Although the submitter requested authenticity for 15^th C, she also indicated that she preferred the submitted form to a more authentic form. If she is interested in an authentic 15^th C English form of this name, we suggest Elsabeth de Shropshire; Elsabeth is dated to the early 16^th C in “Feminine Given Names found in the 1523 Subsidy Roll for York and Ainsty England” by Karen Larsdatter.
  
  Please advise the submitter to draw the chevron wider and to reduce the size of the lozenge accordingly.
• Elyne MacCrimmon MacLeod. Name.
• Fionnghuala inghean mhic Oitir. Device. Per saltire azure and purpure, a saltire interlaced with an annulet Or.
  
  This device does not conflict with Morgaina Sarai la Foncée, Per saltire vert and azure, a fret throughout Or. There is one CD for changing the field. If we think of these devices as each having two co-primary charges, there would be a CD for changing the type of half the primary group from a mascle to an annulet. On the other hand, if we think of the saltire and annulet motif as a single charge, as we typically do a fret, we must rely on RfS X.4.e, which states, “A charge not used in period armory will be considered different in type if its shape in normal depiction is significantly different.” Under this rule, we consider the saltire and annulet motif to be significantly, albeit not substantially, different from a fret.
• Giraldus Evienece. Name change from Vincent of Hawksheye.
  
  The byname Evienece is grandfathered to him; it is the registered byname of his father, Angelos Evienece, registered February 1982.
  
  His old name, Vincent of Hawksheye, is released.
• Grimwithshire. Branch name.
• Hallgrímr Úlfsson. Name and device. Gules, a valknut within a bordure argent.
  
  Nice name!
• Isaac Wolfstan. Name change from Bran Wolfstan.
  
  His old name, Bran Wolfstan, is released.
• Isabel de La Roche. Name.
  
  The submitter requested authenticity for mid-16^th C Normandy. The byname de La Roche is found dated to 1471 in Paris and Senlis in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, “Late Period French Surnames (used by women. Therefore, this name is quite reasonable for her desired place and time.
• Juliana Felicita Boccaccio. Device. Quarterly gules and azure, in pale two unicorn horns in saltire and an open book Or.
• Lina Joya de Grantham. Name and device. Gules, a needle bendwise between a tower and two fleurs-de-lis Or.
• Lions Gate, Barony of. Order name Order of the Lion's Fang.
  
  The use of the word Lion's, complete with apostrophe, is grandfathered to the Barony; this order name has the same syntax and structure as the registered order name Lion's Claw, Order of the, registered to this Barony in April 1981. The grandfather clause states, “Once a name has been registered to an individual or group, the College of Arms may permit that particular individual or group to register elements of that name again, even if it is no longer permissible under the rules in effect at the time the later submission is made.”
• Mary Webb. Device. Sable, two lightning bolts argent and a base wavy barry wavy Or and vert.
• Meg Gwyneth. Badge. (Fieldless) A cat's face purpure.
• Meheldis von Fulda. Name and device. Per pale Or and sable, an eagle counterchanged and on a chief gules two keys in saltire wards to chief argent.
• Michael of Braghan. Name (see RETURNS for device).
  
  This is not an aural conflict with Michael Brangwyn, registered December 1992. The byname in the first case is pronounced approximately /brag-han/ while the second is /bran -gw-in/.
• Milisandia verch Madoc. Name.
  
  Nice name!
• Missa Hendrich. Name and device. Azure, a fret argent and in base a daisy proper.
  
  Nice name!
• Morgina atte Wodelonde. Name and device. Bendy sinister argent and sable, a pitcher within a bordure gules.
• Morin inghean ui Mhuirneachain. Name and device. Vert, a shamrock and a bordure engrailed argent.
  
  Originally submitted as Muireann inghean ui Mhuirneachain, the name was changed at kingdom to Morin inghean ui Mhuirneachain because the spelling Muireann had been declared unregisterable. The submitter's form had the authenticity box checked. However, the summary of her documentation says “I am requesting that the first name Muireann be reconsidered as usable” and that she specifically preferred Morin if Muireann was not registerable. This is a strong indication that she wants an Irish name that uses the given name Muireann or Morin if at all possible.
  
  No examples of the spelling Muireann have been found dating from 1200-1600. Although this is the expected spelling for this period (given the rules of Gaelic spelling), we cannot register this spelling without a reason to believe it was actually used during this period. We thought perhaps to find this form in Irish literature of that period, but were unable to do so. Since no additional evidence for its use in Early Modern Gaelic has been found, the Early Modern Gaelic spelling Muireann is still not registerable.
  
  The submitter noted that she had documented both names from Woulfe, Irish Names and Surnames and that she believed this meant both names were period. This is a misconception on the part of many submitters and some heralds. Note that Woulfe is a collection of Irish names, but that these names are not necessarily Irish names found prior to 1600. Woulfe collected both oral and written examples of Irish names in the early part of the 20th C, so the book is a mixture of Irish names found at that time and Irish names found in the written sources available to Woulfe. It is an excellent source, but unless the author states otherwise, the spellings must be taken as contemporary 20th C forms. In many cases, these forms are consistent with Early Modern Gaelic (1200-1600) forms, but not always.
• Myrgan Wood, Barony of. Badge for the Champion of Rapier. Argent, an elm tree eradicated proper leaved gules and on a chief vert a rapier reversed argent.
• Myrgan Wood, Barony of. Badge for the Champion of Armoured Combat. Argent, an elm tree eradicated proper leaved gules and on a chief vert a pole-axe reversed and inverted argent.
• Myrgan Wood, Barony of. Badge for the Champion of Arts and Sciences. Argent, an elm tree eradicated proper leaved gules and on a chief vert a candle reversed argent.
• Myrgan Wood, Barony of. Badge for the Champion of Missile Combat. Argent, an elm tree eradicated proper leaved gules and on a chief vert an arrow argent.
• Quentin Martel. Name.
• Ramsgaard, Shire of. Badge. Azure, a ram's head cabossed Or and a bordure argent.
• Raven mac Uilliam mhic Fhearchair. Name.
  
  Some question was raised whether this name was a claim to be the son of Uilliam Farquharson, whose name was registered in December 2002. Such a claim violates RfS VI.3 which says “Names that unmistakably imply identity with or close relationship to a protected person or literary character will generally not be registered.” The name Uilliam mac Fhearchair does not conflict with Uilliam Farquharson because the bynames are in different languages. The April 2002 cover letter, where principles for conflict between various patronymics are spelled out is quite clear. “Are the byname phrases in different languages? If the answer is “Yes”, then the two byname phrases are clear.” Since Uilliam mac Fhearchair would not conflict with Uilliam Farqharson, this name is not presumptuous.
• Ravensley, Shire of. Branch name and device. Or, a raven proper perched atop and sustaining a key bendwise wards to base, on a chief embattled gules two laurel wreaths Or.
• Rhuddglyn, Shire of. Branch name and device. Per chevron inverted argent and gules, on a flame azure a flame Or, all within a laurel wreath counterchanged.
• Robert O'Mora. Name and device. Purpure, a raven displayed and on a chief Or three trefoils vert.
  
  Submitted as Robert O'More of Leix, this name constitutes a claim to be a member of the ruling family of Leix. Such a claim is presumptuous according to RfS VI.1 which states “Names containing titles, territorial claims, or allusions to rank are considered presumptuous” precedent has held this applies to both Scottish clan seats and to major Irish families:

  There is a long-standing precedent against combining a Scottish clan name with the name of its seat, a precedent confirmed in the 3/93 registration of Alexander MacIntosh of Islay (Middle). By the same reasoning the combination Fitzgerald of Kildare must be prohibited: between 1316 and 1766 one of the major branches of the Fitzgeralds were Earls of Kildare. We have therefore dropped the locative to register the rest of the name.[Da'ud IV; Talan Gwynek, LoAR Nov 1995, p. 6] [Cathyn Fitzgerald, 11/95, Calontir]

  Likewise, from sometime before 1347, when O'More of Leix made his submission to and acknowledged that he held his lands from the English king, until at least 1600, when the Annals of the Four Masters describes the death of Owny O'More who is “by right, the sole heir to his territory of Leix,” the O'Mores (or Uí Mhorda) were the lords of Leix. We have dropped the locative in order to register the name.
  
  The submitter requested a name authentic to 13^th- 16^th C Irish language/culture. Woulfe, Irish Names and Surnames lists O'Mora and O Morey as late 16^th C English forms of the modern O'More. We have changed the patronymic to O'Mora to fulfill the submitter's request for authenticity. Robert O'Mora is a reasonable 16^th C Anglicization of the Gaelic name Roibeart Ó Mhorda. Sir Roibert Gardiner is found in the 1597 entry of The Annals of the Four Masters while Ui Mhorda is found in 1576 in the same work. The notation e represents a “long e” character. In some cases, it is transliterated as e. In other cases, it is transliterated as ea.
• Rosalinde Makallastair. Name.
  
  Submitted as Rosalinde McAllistair, the submitter requested authenticity for 16^th C England/Scotland. The byname is described as a spelling variant of Macalaster. However, none of the period forms found supports a spelling with an i in the third syllable. We have substituted Makallastair, which Black, Surnames of Scotland s.n. Macalaster, dates to 1576, in order to register the name and to partially comply with her request for authenticity. However, the name Rosalinde is only found in England as a name in literature at the end of the 16^th C; it is unlikely that it reached the general naming pool. Therefore, we are unable to make this name authentic as requested.
• Rowena Kyncade. Device. Azure, in dexter chief a Thor's hammer, a sinister gore argent.
• Sarah Preston. Name and device. Per fess azure and gules, in pale a demi-sun throughout issuant from the line of division and a unicorn contourny Or.
  
  The submitter requested authenticity for 14^th C Scotland. No documentation was submitted and none found showing that the given name Sarah was found in Scotland in the 14^th C. Therefore, we are unable to fulfill the submitter's request for authenticity. We note that this is a lovely 14^th C English name.
• Serena Lyons. Name and device. Per chevron argent and gules, three lions counterchanged.
  
  Nice armory!
• Seumas of Krakafjord. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Vert, a bend embattled Or between a lion and two dolphins haurient argent.
  
  Submitted under the name Seumas mac a'Phearsain.
• Sibylla de Bade. Name.
• Tangwystl of Seagirt. Holding name and device (see RETURNS for name). Vert, a cross between four crosses formy argent.
  
  Submitted under the name Tangwystl verch Glyn.
• Uilliam mac Ailéne mhic Seamuis. Name change from William the Mariner and badge. (Fieldless) An anchor argent enfiling a coronet bendwise sinister Or pearled gules.
  
  There was some question whether the first patronymic Ailéne was in the correct genitive case. Part 53 of Chronicon Scotorum shows Maeleduin meic Ailene, and Annals of the Four Masters lists the same fellow as Maol Dúin, mac Ailene. Therefore, this name appears to be grammatically correct.
  
  His old name, William the Mariner, is released.
  
  He was made a Court Baron in January 2001 and is thus entitled to use a coronet in his armory.
• Uilliam mac Fearchair mhic Gille Aindrias. Name change from William MacAndrew of Balnagowan.
  
  Submitted as Uilliam mac Fearchar mhic Gille Aindrias, the first patronymic, mac Fearchar, is in the nominative case rather than the required genitive (possessive) case. We have changed the name to Uilliam mac Fearchair mhic Gille Aindrias to correct the grammar.
  
  His old name, William MacAndrew of Balnagowan, is released.
• Ursula Georges. Blanket permission to conflict with name.
• Wilhelm von Wittenberg. Name and device. Lozengy Or and sable, on a chief enarched vert three chess rooks Or.
  
  This name is not presumptuous of Wilhelm I, King of Prussia and Emperor of Germany from 1861-1888. Although Saxe-Wittenberg was part of both Prussia and Germany during his reign, there is no evidence that he was ever known as Wilhelm von Wittenberg. In general, the combination of a sovereign's name and the lands they rule(d) is protected. However, this protection applies only to the overall sovereignty, not to every region in the ruled land. Just as we would not consider Henry of Sussex presumptive of the kings of England, we cannot consider Wilhelm von Wittenberg presumptive of the German emperors.
• Yrsa Ketilsdottir. Name and device. Argent, a bend per bend indented throughout gules and sable cotised the upper sable and the lower gules.
  
  The motif of a bend per bend indented of two colors can be seen in 15^th C illustrations from the military roll in Sir Thomas Holme's Book 1. The back cover of Alan Young's Tudor and Jacobean Tournaments, for example, shows an illustration from this roll depicting a knight bearing arms with this motif in sable and vert.

The following items were returned for further work:

• Alessandra da Montefeltro. Device. Azure, a triquetra interlaced with a heart voided and on a chief Or an open book between two lozenges gules.
  
  The opinion of the College is that the primary charge on this device is unidentifiable. RfS VIII.3 states, “Elements must be used in a design so as to preserve their individual identifiability. Identifiable elements may be rendered unidentifiable by significant reduction in size, marginal contrast, excessive counterchanging, voiding, or fimbriation, or by being obscured by other elements of the design.” In this case, the heart, a charge not usually seen voided, loses its identifiability when voided and interlaced with the triquetra.
• Alessandra dei Medici. Name.
  
  Aural conflict with Alessandro de' Medici, first duke of Florence. The only difference in sound is the final vowel. Dukes and duchesses of Italian city-states are considered the equivalent of a sovereign, and so are always important enough to protect.
• Alyne of Kendal. Device. Azure, a doe springing contourny argent.
  
  This device conflicts with Silverhart, Shire of, Azure, a stag rampant contourny within a laurel wreath argent, and Douglass Grayhart de la Feld, Per pale purpure and vert, a hart springing contourny argent. While there is a CD for adding the laurel wreath in the first case and one for changing the field in the second, there is no difference between a doe and a stag or a hart. The addition of antlers to a beast is not a significant difference.
• Annaka Poznanska. Device. Azure, in bend sinister a sinister wing argent and a beehive Or.
  
  This device conflicts with the important non-SCA arms of Dante Alighieri, Azure, a sinister wing argent. There is only the one CD for adding the beehive.
• James the Tormentor. Device. Or, two pallets sable, overall a cross clechy and overall in chief a coronet gules pearled argent.
  
  This device must be returned for non-period style. The difference in size between the cross and the coronet makes it impossible to see them as a single charge group, and we have seen no evidence that the use of multiple overall charge groups is in keeping with period practice.
• Lions Gate, Barony of. Order name Order of the Lion's Mark.
  
  This order name does not follow period order name patterns, or patterns explicitly ruled SCA-compatible. Precedent holds that, for an order name of the form [creature]'s [X] to be registerable, [X] must be an attribute ordinarily associated with that creature:

  A flame is not an attribute associated with a griffin, therefore we need to see evidence that Griffin's Flame is a reasonable name for an order. [Order of the Griffin's Flame, Avacal, Principality of, 01/00, R-An Tir]

  A mark is not an attribute associated with a lion. Furthermore, this order name could only be justified under the pattern of “heraldic charge”, and it is unclear how or even if a lion's mark could be represented heraldically.
• Michael of Braghan. Device. Azure, a bend beviled argent.
  
  This device conflicts with Adalasia Serena, Per bend sable and gules, a bend bevilled argent, with only the one CD for changing the field.
• Seumas mac a'Phearsain. Name. Aural conflict with Séamus Macpherson, registered February 2005. The two names are nearly identical in sound.
  
  His armory has been registered under the holding name Seumas of Krakafjord.
• Steinn Vikingsson. Device. Azure, on a chevron Or three triskeles azure and in base a coronet within an annulet of chain Or.
  
  This device must be returned for lack of documentation of the type of coronet it depicts. Precedent says, “While it has been true that the default coronet is a simple coronet of three points, we have for a while now been allowing the blazon coronet to be used with any period depiction of a coronet that is not otherwise reserved” [David of Moffat, 04/00, R-An Tir]. No documentation was provided showing that a coronet with single central point at the front is a period depiction of a coronet.
• Tangwystl verch Glyn. Name. Aural conflict with Tangwystyl verch Gwyn, registered November 2002. The two names are nearly identical in sound and appearance.
  
  Her armory has been registered under the holding name Tangwystl of Seagirt.

LIONS BLOOD ACTIONS

These items will be forwarded to Laurel

• Freygerðr in spaka — Name and Device, New
  
  Per chevron sable and purpure a needle fesswise point to dexter argent and a unicorn passant contourny Or
  
  The name Freygerðr is a feminine name, so we have changed the byname to the feminine form in spaka.
  We advise the submitter to draw the per chevron line of division much higher on the device. A per chevron line of division should extend significantly above the per fess line, nearly to the chief line.
• Isaac Wolfstan — Device, Resubmission
  
  Per pale azure and Or, a dragon argent and a dragon vert combattant, each maintaining a sword, crossed in saltire, argent
• Morhardt Citvogel von Öde — Name and Device, New
  
  Gules, a wolf rampant bendy argent and sable
  
  No dated documentation could be found for the byname Öd. However, the College of Heralds was able to find documentation for Öde, which means untilled land or land that is not developed. Josef Karlmann Brechenmacher, Etmologisches Wuurterbuch der Deutschen Familiennamen, s.n. Öder, dates Öde (Peter Öde) to 1366.

These items are being returned from the kingdom meeting

• Ays,e al-Zahra — Device, Resubmission
  
  Per fess nebuly sable and gules, an elephant's head cabossed argent armed between three fleurs-de-lys Or
  
  This device is returned for a lack of a name. The submitter's name was returned by Laurel in January 2005.
  In addition, this device has a charge overlying a low-contrast complex line of division. Per Dame Elsbeth Anne Roth, “[Per bend sinister wavy azure and vert, a Latin cross bottony...] By long-standing precedent we do not allow a charge to overlap a low contrast complex line of division except when the overlap is so small that the line of division is not obscured. In this case the arms of the cross interfered with the identifiability of the wavy line. [Matilda Merryweather, 07/00, R-Ansteorra]”
  Finally, the gules portion of the field was much more brown than red. This may be cause for return. It is highly recommended that submitters use markers, particularly Crayola and Rose Art brands, rather than color printers to color their submissions.
• Branwen Miles — Device, New
  
  Per bend sinister vert and azure, a bend sinister wavy between a natural tiger statant contourny and a swan naiant argent
  
  This is in conflict with Catríona nic Theàrlaigh, October 1998, Per bend sinister vert and azure, a bend sinister wavy argent. There is only 1 CD for the addition of the secondary charge group.
  The tiger on this device has been reblazoned as a tiger instead of the tyger. Tygers are much more like wolves in appearance. This animal is very clearly a cat.
  The bend is rather narrow and nearly overshadowed by the secondary charges. In addition, the waves on the bend are about as shallow as is likely to be acceptable. The submitter is advised to draw the bend thicker and with deeper waves on resubmission.
• Robert of Wolffork — Name, Resubmission
  
  This name is being returned for lack of documentation of the surname. The only period uses of fork, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is as an implement or a two-pronged item. The College of Heralds could not find any evidence that this term was used in placenames, particularly combined with animals.

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NEW SUBMISSIONS

To be decided on in October.